ADHD and Anxiety Medication
Anxiety disorders are frequently associated with ADHD. Anxiety can trigger restlessness, anxiety, and insomnia.
Stimulant medications can ease symptoms, but they can cause side effects like tics, or slight growth decreases in adolescents and children. Many people also experience their anxiety levels increase when they are taking stimulant medications.
Stimulants
The use of stimulants is to treat ADHD and Narcolepsy. They are also popular among recreational drug users as stimulants and performance-enhancing substances because of their ability to increase energy, alertness and focus. They are available in the form of tablets, capsules or chunky crystals. They can also be found in brown or white dust. Massive doses of stimulants may result in over-stimulation, anxiety panic attacks, stomach cramps or paranoia. Long-term use of stimulants can also lead to addiction and serious side effects such as heart problems high blood pressure, heart problems and stroke.
The medications that are typically prescribed to treat ADHD are also proven to have a track record of relieving the symptoms of anxiety. They help by boosting brain chemicals like norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin. These are lower in ADHD patients. This improves the activity and communication between the various parts of the brain which control executive and attention functions. This results in improved impulse control, and anxiety symptoms are reduced.
Studies have demonstrated that both atomoxetine as well as methylphenidate reduce anxiety symptoms in adults suffering from ADHD and comorbid anxiety disorders. Both medications improved anxiety symptoms beginning as early as the 4th week of treatment. The effect was evident for eight weeks.
It is important to remember that the type medication that is most effective in treating anxiety and ADHD symptoms that co-occur could depend on which condition has more impact on the quality of life of an individual. One may experience numerous small-scale crises that cause anxiety in a regular manner as they rush to make appointments or keep up with tasks at school or at work. These can be extremely stressful and can cause them to be anxious on a more frequently than the symptoms of a specific anxiety or panic attack.
In these situations the antidepressants, or SSRIs are the best choice to combat anxiety-related symptoms. They have been proven effective at decreasing anxiety levels in adults. They are taken orally and may take some time to work. The most common options are selective serotonin reuptake inhibits (SSRIs) that include Sertraline Serotonin, Fluoxetine, norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), such as duloxetine, venlafaxine and. These drugs can be used in conjunction with cognitive-behavioral treatment for anxiety. They are especially effective for patients who have an elevated or racing heart rate.
SSRIs
SSRIs which are antidepressant medications are commonly used to treat anxiety disorders. Prozac, the prototype drug of this class is fluoxetine. The SSRIs are also effective in treating obsessive compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic disorder. These medications are more versatile than earlier versions of antidepressants. Additionally, they have fewer and less serious adverse effects.
The SSRIs work by inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin at synapses. This causes the neurotransmitter inside the synapse and to signal the post synaptic cell more than is the case with other neurotransmitters. This may increase the output of norepinephrine and reduce anxiety. It may also lead to an increase in the levels of neuronal cyclic AMP (cAMP) which can stimulate protein production.
Additionally, SSRIs can reduce impulsivity and reduce hyperactivity. They also can improve the quality of sleep and decrease agitation in people suffering from ADHD. However, these drugs can, increase the risk of suicidal behaviour and thoughts among some people. They may also cause an increase in appetite and weight gain, particularly when they are first introduced.
The SNRIs are a distinct type of antidepressant than SSRIs. SNRIs block the reuptake of serotonin as well as norepinephrine. They also have an impact on anxiety. They can enhance the functioning of the heart muscle and blood vessels. This may reduce feelings of anxiety and stress. Some adults with bipolar disorder also benefit from their use.
The most commonly used SNRIs are duloxetine (Cymbalta), Venlafaxine (Effexor, Effexor XR) and desvenlafaxine (Khedezla, Pristiq). SNRIs can cause blood pressure to rise in certain people, and those who suffer from high blood pressure or cardiovascular disease should avoid taking them.
In addition to medications in addition, there are a variety of behavioral therapies that can help with anxiety and ADHD. Meditation and mindfulness techniques can reduce anxiety and stress. Some people find that tapping certain body points or Emotional Freedom techniques can help lower cortisol levels, the hormone that causes anxiety. Diet and exercise can also aid in reducing anxiety. Your doctor may recommend you consume whole grains, fruits, and vegetables, and stay away from sugar, as it can cause anxiety in some ADHD children and adults.
Non-stimulant-based medications
While stimulants are highly effective at treating ADHD and have been studied extensively but they are not always the best choice for individuals who suffer from anxiety and ADHD. The stimulant medications can trigger negative side effects, such as increased heart rate and jitteriness. These symptoms can mirror or worsen symptoms of anxiety.
Non-stimulant medicines are a recent option that has been used to treat ADHD since 2002 (under the brand name Strattera). They do not increase heart rate or blood pressure, and they are less likely to cause anxiety-related adverse effects like shaking, sweating or nervousness.
Atomoxetine works by targeting receptors for norepinephrine. It is a brain chemical that improves attention and reduce hyperactivity and impulsivity. Studies have also proven that it can effectively improve anxiety symptoms in children and adolescents with ADHD. Researchers gathered articles on clinical research from PubMed, EMBASE and PsycINFO to find out if atomoxetine improved anxiety in adolescents and children with ADHD.
adhd treatment without medication is another drug that can ease anxiety symptoms. It targets the brain chemical, dopamine. Bupropion is frequently recommended for people with coexisting depression and ADHD. It can also improve mood and help reduce anxiety symptoms. It is usually best to treat anxiety first before treating ADHD. This will usually make the anxiety symptoms disappear.
It is very common for kids with ADHD to have problems with anxiety, and in a few cases the anxiety is actually caused by their ADHD symptoms. The most effective method of treating anxiety in these circumstances is usually cognitive-behavioral therapies and psychostimulants. This is because these treatments tackle the root of the problem and reduce ADHD symptoms which, in turn, decrease anxiety.
Antidepressants are often prescribed for those with coexisting ADHD and anxiety. SSRI antidepressants, which target the brain chemical serotonin, can help to relieve anxiety symptoms and improve mood. Examples include Zoloft Lexapro, and Sertraline.
In the end, the decision on which medication is best for you will be determined by your physician. Before recommending a medication, they will consider your lifestyle, symptoms, age, along with other health issues. It is essential to discuss with your doctor about your goals for treatment and to adhere to a daily routine when taking any medication.
Other options
Other treatment options could be beneficial to manage ADHD or anxiety, depending on your health goals. These include mindfulness meditation yoga, tapping (Emotional Freedom Techniques) sleep, nutrition, exercise and healthy eating habits.
Dr. Hallowell says that people with anxiety are more prone to develop symptoms of ADHD, making it difficult to treat both conditions simultaneously. He typically prescribes stimulants first to address ADHD before turning to non-stimulant drugs like bupropion, atomoxetine or guanfacine, for anxiety disorders. They are available 24/7 and are not controlled substances as stimulants.